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The Victorian Era by Yang Yuling (ES02181)


The Victorian Era
（1837-1901）
  The Victorian Era (Victorian Era), Front. George, after the rev Edward, it is believed to be the peak end of the British Industrial Revolution and British Empery. Its time limit is often defined as 1851 ~ 1901, Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria reign. British Empire, moved to the world, and its territory reached 36 million square kilometers. British Empery's economy accounts for 70% of the world's economy, trade exports have doubled from the sum of others in other countries.
  Queen Victoria is the first to call "the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Queen of India" the British monarch. The 63 years of her reign (June 20, 1837 ~ In January 22, 1901), it was the most powerful, so-called "Imperial Empire" Period in Britain, during her reign until she died, in 1914, to the First World War, Britain is known as the Victoria era. After 1914, the Victoria era was over. Queen Victoria (Alexandra, Victoria, Alexandrina Victoria) (May 24, 1819 ~ January 22, 1901) inherited the throne in 1837 (at the time she was 18), the throne of the queen of Elizabeth, in England, has been in office for 64 years.
   The school of art and art in the Vitoria era includes classicism, neoclassicism, Romanticism, impressionist art, and post-Impressionist school. Stars eye-catching art showing the spectacular. The Vitoria times also emerged many great writers, poets and their masterpieces, such as the British writer Charlotte Bronte 《Jane Eyre》and the famous novelist Charles Dickens 《Oliver》
   The literature of the period of Vitoria reflects the reality and spirit of the times. Which reflects the high degree of vitality, down-to-earth spirit of good humor and unbounded imagination is unprecedented. In all literary fields, the works of this period have been prepared for the coming of the new century.
  For example have the William Ernest Henley’s Invictus,Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade.
  In the historical context ，Britain was a model of industrial success, individual freedom and constitutional government，Upper and industrial middle-classes believed in a policy of “laissez-faire”
  This time there was a satirical poem. For example Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden
  The Victorian Era to advocate morality and modest polite, is also a science, culture and industry are the great development of the thriving and prosperous of a time of national peace and order. The development of printing promoted the unprecedented prosperity of literature and art. During this period, the concept of progress of equality between men and women and racial equality was also formed. The abolition movement in the United States is the embodiment of this progressive thought.
  Inevitably, there will be a religious clash at every time. Of course, there were religious clashes in Victorian Era.
  The great development of science and technology and new discoveries in various fields broke the strong religious beliefs of the past, and the religious edifice began to collapse. Darwin's 《the origin of species》and the human evolution (are the theoretical bases that have shaken the traditional belief. The poet Tennyson in the poem《in memoriam》on the clearly expressed his doubts about religion and god. On the other hand, pragmatism is a great way of doing anything, and everything must be valued by the practical inspection party, as the matter is further overcoming the spirit. The Scriptures, such as the Bible and the Gospels, are regarded as obsolete superstitions, or simply to be tested by pragmatism. These ideas have made the capitalists further cruelly exploit the working people and no longer have moral concerns.
  As a product of the times, Vitoria literature is characterized by great and diverse nature. It is many sided and complicated from various angles, including romance and reality reflects the great changes in people's lives, this era is the birth of a large number of literary giants of indomitable spirit.

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