The Victorian Era
（1837-1901）
The
Victorian Era (Victorian Era), Front. George, after the rev Edward, it is
believed to be the peak end of the British Industrial Revolution and British
Empery. Its time limit is often defined as 1851 ~ 1901, Queen Victoria
(Alexandrina Victoria reign. British Empire, moved to the world, and its
territory reached 36 million square kilometers. British Empery's economy
accounts for 70% of the world's economy, trade exports have doubled from the
sum of others in other countries.
Queen Victoria
is the first to call "the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
the Queen of India" the British monarch. The 63 years of her reign (June
20, 1837 ~ In January 22, 1901), it was the most powerful, so-called
"Imperial Empire" Period in Britain, during her reign until she died,
in 1914, to the First World War, Britain is known as the Victoria era. After
1914, the Victoria era was over. Queen Victoria (Alexandra, Victoria,
Alexandrina Victoria) (May 24, 1819 ~ January 22, 1901) inherited the throne in
1837 (at the time she was 18), the throne of the queen of Elizabeth, in
England, has been in office for 64 years.
The school of art and art in the Vitoria era
includes classicism, neoclassicism, Romanticism, impressionist art, and post-Impressionist
school. Stars eye-catching art showing the spectacular. The Vitoria times also
emerged many great writers, poets and their masterpieces, such as the British
writer Charlotte Bronte 《Jane Eyre》and the famous novelist Charles
Dickens 《Oliver》
The literature of the period of Vitoria
reflects the reality and spirit of the times. Which reflects the high degree of
vitality, down-to-earth spirit of good humor and unbounded imagination is
unprecedented. In all literary fields, the works of this period have been prepared
for the coming of the new century.
For example have the William Ernest Henley’s
Invictus,Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade.
In the historical context ，Britain
was a model of industrial success, individual freedom and constitutional
government，Upper and industrial middle-classes believed in a policy
of “laissez-faire”
This time there was a satirical poem. For example
Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden
The Victorian Era to advocate morality and
modest polite, is also a science, culture and industry are the great
development of the thriving and prosperous of a time of national peace and
order. The development of printing promoted the unprecedented prosperity of
literature and art. During this period, the concept of progress of equality
between men and women and racial equality was also formed. The abolition
movement in the United States is the embodiment of this progressive thought.
Inevitably, there will be a religious clash
at every time. Of course, there were religious clashes in Victorian Era.
The great development of science and
technology and new discoveries in various fields broke the strong religious
beliefs of the past, and the religious edifice began to collapse. Darwin's 《the
origin of species》and the human evolution (are the theoretical bases that
have shaken the traditional belief. The poet Tennyson in the poem《in
memoriam》on
the clearly expressed his doubts about religion and god. On the other hand,
pragmatism is a great way of doing anything, and everything must be valued by
the practical inspection party, as the matter is further overcoming the spirit.
The Scriptures, such as the Bible and the Gospels, are regarded as obsolete
superstitions, or simply to be tested by pragmatism. These ideas have made the
capitalists further cruelly exploit the working people and no longer have moral
concerns.
As a product of the times, Vitoria literature
is characterized by great and diverse nature. It is many sided and complicated
from various angles, including romance and reality reflects the great changes
in people's lives, this era is the birth of a large number of literary giants
of indomitable spirit.
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